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And other than the gain of energy, there is nothing else entering the cold water. Other than the loss of energy, there is nothing else escaping from the hot water. Only energy is transferred from the hot water to the cold water. There is nothing physical or material moving from the hot water to the cold water. Conductive heat flow involves the transfer of heat from one location to another in the absence of any material flow. In this instance, the transfer of heat from the hot water through the metal can to the cold water is sometimes referred to as conduction. Heat is transferred from the hot water to the cold water until both samples have the same temperature. Let's begin our discussion by returning to our thought experiment in which a metal can containing hot water was placed within a Styrofoam cup containing cold water.

Is there more than one method of heat transfer? If so, then how are they similar and different than one another?.

How does heat transfer work within the bulk of an object?.

Why is thermal equilibrium always established when two objects transfer heat?.

What is happening at the particle level when energy is being transferred between two objects?.

Now we should probe some of the following questions: Finally, we have explored a thought experiment in which a metal can containing hot water is placed within a Styrofoam cup containing cold water. The discussion of heat transfer has been structured around some everyday examples such as the cooling of a hot mug of coffee and the warming of a cold can of pop. The heat transfer continues until the two objects have reached thermal equilibrium and are at the same temperature. It is the temperature difference between the two neighboring objects that causes this heat transfer. You have hopefully adopted an understanding of heat as a flow of energy from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object. The more the particles vibrate, translate and rotate, the greater the temperature of the object. Temperature is a measure of the average amount of kinetic energy possessed by the particles in a sample of matter. These motions give the particles kinetic energy. You should be developing a model of matter as consisting of particles which vibrate (wiggle about a fixed position), translate (move from one location to another) and even rotate (revolve about an imaginary axis). If you have been following along since the beginning of this lesson, then you have been developing a progressively sophisticated understanding of temperature and heat.